The temperature structure of dusty planetary nebulae.
Stasinska G., Szczerba R.
2003, in Proceedings of the IAU Symposium 209 "Planetary Nebuale: Their Evolution and Role in the Universe", Eds. S. Kwok, M. Dopita, and R. Sutherland, 308

Abstract:
We have computed photoionization models of planetary nebulae containing dust. Photoelectric heating by small grains has an important effects on the temperature structure of the nebulae and could solve a number of problems that have found no satisfactory solution so far.

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